A Guide to Matrix Organizational Structures
What is a matrix structure?
A matrix organizational structure is a workplace model where employees report to more than one manager. In a matrix organization, the available staff and resources are shared across departments, projects, teams, and functions. This can be useful when there are limited resources available within the organization or when particular expertise is needed simultaneously and across departments.
What are the different kinds of matrix organization structures?
Though several types of matrix structures exist, three major matrix management types are most prevalent in organizations. There is a delicate balance of power between the functional manager and the project manager in each one of them. Let’s see how matrix structures are classified:
Functional matrix structure/ weak matrix
In a functional matrix organization, the project manager has a minor role to play and holds primary responsibility for administrative tasks. Primary power and authority lies with a functional manager who has a direct reporting relationship with the organizational staff.
Strong matrix structure
Strong matrix structures are characterized by a project manager who’s in charge of project budget, staff, and resources.Here, the functional manager plays a minor role with limited authority.
Balanced matrix
Functional and project managers enjoy an equal share in staff and budget in a balanced matrix structure. To get better organizational outcomes, larger organizations typically tend to utilize diverse matrix structures in different functions and levels.
What are the benefits of a matrix organizational structure?
Implementing a matrix environment in your organization can be quite rewarding and lead to better business outcomes, such as:
Effective utilization of organizational resources, equipment, and staff
Smooth flow of communication between different departments and functions
Improved decision making with two parallel chains of command
Enhanced employee autonomy that encourages employees to contribute across the organization
Increases employee interactions across functions, projects and promotes a spirit of teamwork all around
What are the cons of a matrix organizational structure?
Even though a matrix organizational structure helps achieve project efficiencies leading to enhanced team and individual productivity, it comes with its own downsides.
Multiple lines of reporting relationships can delay organizational decision-making
Sharing of employees across functions may make them confused about their work responsibilities leading to reduced productivity levels
Internal power struggles may ensue between the project and the functional manager
Higher employee costs with the presence of multiple managers
Why use a matrix organizational structure in project management?
Using a matrix organizational structure in project management can help drive your team forward by eliminating silos and enhancing team efficiencies in these situations:
Manage large and complex projects within an organization that has a very defined timeline for delivery
Realize a better return on investment from organizational resources such as employees, equipment, and other resources by using them in multiple projects
Achieve organizational goals faster by deploying employees and resources in a flexible and agile manner as and when required
Tips for matrix organizational structure success
Want to set up the matrix environment for your organization or project?
Consider these five tips that will help you succeed faster:
Identify the primary reporting manager and let your team know
Schedule a brief training session with your team (employees and managers) on what is a matrix structure and how it works
Set up the project goals and charter clearly before your manager and team start working on it
Use a robust project management software where multiple managers can communicate with each other in real-time and collaborate smoothly to stay in sync with their project goals
Tackle small disagreements immediately to stop them from growing into bigger conflicts
Promote an equal distribution of power and authority amongst both managers